en Biochemistry Review <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Cancer is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, resulting from complex interactions between genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors. In the present study, the multifaceted nature of cancer, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and the complex role of genes and microRNAs in the development and progression of tumors have been investigated. </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">We delved into</span></span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> the importance of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, especially the pivotal role of the p53 gene in cell cycle regulation and DNA repair mechanisms. In addition, in the current study, the therapeutic potential of microRNAs, especially miR-34, in overcoming chemotherapy resistance and Increasing the effectiveness of treatment has been discussed. By understanding these underlying mechanisms, we aim to provide insight into innovative cancer prevention and treatment strategies.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> &nbsp; Cancer, microRNA, miR-34, Cancer treatment 29 35 http://tbsrj.mazums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-3604-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Melika Izadpanah melikaizadpanah@yahoo.com 100319475328460031829 100319475328460031829 Yes tabriz university of medical sciences Oyinkansola Adebomojo oadebomojoo@gmail.com 100319475328460031830 100319475328460031830 No Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA. 2. Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA.