Tabari Biomedical Student Research Journal

Probiotics are considered as living drugs that can reduce antibiotic consumption and increase human health development. Meanwhile, probiotics can adjust intestinal microflora, inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria, antimicrobial agents,
stimulate the immune system, balance of bile acids and ultimately inhibit the growth and reduce the number of harmful bacteria in the digestive system. Drug resistance in human pathogenic bacteria causes problems in the treatment of these diseases. In addition, wide distribution and prevalence of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic microbes has decreased the value of antibiotics. Drug resistance may develop in patients who are treated with long-term antibacterial therapy or may develop in
the environment through the exposure of the bacteria to the bactericide used. In the current review, we aimed to delineate the associated problems of antibiotic resistance, the relationship between antibiotic consumption and low diversity of microbiome, the effect of antibiotics on Metagenics, the impact of probiotics as living therapeutic agents on epigenetic alterations and intestinal microbiome.